As above, yes, a hot barrel can definitely affect group size and also cause changes in POI. Most of the time, groups have opened up for me, but I've had a few guns that actually shot better groups with a hot barrel. When I'm accuracy testing, though, I always take my time and try to shoot a string of five shots, allowing the barrel to cool back down between shots, touching the barrel to check its temp. Can take a long time to shoot a group, this way. Have even had some folks next to me ask if there was something wrong with the gun.

On a hunting gun like a 30-30 lever, I think it's especially important to do your accuracy testing and sighting in with a cold barrel. After all, you won't be taking too many snots at deer with a hot barrel. That's me, though. Not everyone thinks this is necessary or wants to take the time to do this. Great question, by the way.